[The Ethics by Benedict de Spinoza]@TWC D-Link book
The Ethics

PREFACE
18/106

15) is something which is in God, and which without God can neither be nor be conceived, whether it be a modification (i.25.

Coroll.), or a mode which expresses God's nature in a certain conditioned manner.
Note .-- Everyone must surely admit, that nothing can be or be conceived without God.

All men agree that God is the one and only cause of all things, both of their essence and of their existence; that is, God is not only the cause of things in respect to their being made (secundum fieri), but also in respect to their being (secundum esse).
At the same time many assert, that that, without which a thing cannot be nor be conceived, belongs to the essence of that thing; wherefore they believe that either the nature of God appertains to the essence of created things, or else that created things can be or be conceived without God; or else, as is more probably the case, they hold inconsistent doctrines.

I think the cause for such confusion is mainly, that they do not keep to the proper order of philosophic thinking.

The nature of God, which should be reflected on first, inasmuch as it is prior both in the order of knowledge and the order of nature, they have taken to be last in the order of knowledge, and have put into the first place what they call the objects of sensation; hence, while they are considering natural phenomena, they give no attention at all to the divine nature, and, when afterwards they apply their mind to the study of the divine nature, they are quite unable to bear in mind the first hypotheses, with which they have overlaid the knowledge of natural phenomena, inasmuch as such hypotheses are no help towards understanding the divine nature.


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