Therefore of a given individual idea another individual idea, or God, in so far as he is considered as modified by that idea, is the cause; and of this second idea God is the cause, in so far as he is affected by another idea, and so on to infinity.
Q.E.D.
Corollary .-- Whatsoever takes place in the individual object of any idea, the knowledge thereof is in God, in so far only as he has the idea of the object.
Proof .-- Whatsoever takes place in the object of any idea, its idea is in God (by Prop.iii.of this part), not in so far as he is infinite, but in so far as he is considered as affected by another idea of an individual thing (by the last Prop.); but (by Prop.vii.of this part) the order and connection of ideas is the same as the order and connection of things.

The knowledge, therefore, of that which takes place in any individual object will be in God, in so far only as he has the idea of that object.
Q.E.D.
PROP.X.The being of substance does not appertain to the essence of man--in other words, substance does not constitute the actual being[2] of man.
[2] "Forma" Proof .-- The being of substance involves necessary existence (Part i., Prop.

vii.).

If, therefore, the being of substance appertains to the essence of man, substance being granted, man would necessarily be granted also (II.Def.

ii.), and, consequently, man would necessarily exist, which is absurd (II.Ax.