For we cannot perceive anything without adding to our knowledge of the act of understanding.
PROP.XXXII.

Will cannot be called a free cause, but only a necessary cause.
Proof .-- Will is only a particular mode of thinking, like intellect; therefore (by Prop.

xxviii.) no volition can exist, nor be conditioned to act, unless it be conditioned by some cause other than itself, which cause is conditioned by a third cause, and so on to infinity.

But if will be supposed infinite, it must also be conditioned to exist and act by God, not by virtue of his being substance absolutely infinite, but by virtue of his possessing an attribute which expresses the infinite and eternal essence of thought (by Prop.

xxiii.).