An exploration to the Nile sources was thus a march through an enemy's country, and required a powerful force of well-armed men.

For the traders there was no great difficulty, as they took the initiative in hostilities, and had fixed camps as "points d'appui;" but for an explorer there was no alternative, but he must make a direct forward march with no communications with the rear.

I had but slight hope of success without assistance from the authorities in the shape of men accustomed to discipline.

I accordingly wrote to the British consul at Alexandria, and requested him to apply for a few soldiers and boats to aid me in so difficult an enterprise.

After some months' delay, owing to the great distance from Khartoum, I received a reply inclosing a letter from Ismail Pacha (the present Viceroy), the regent during the absence of Said Pacha, REFUSING the application.
I confess to the enjoyment of a real difficulty.