to prevent any violation of the foregoing obligations and duties." Another but less elaborate tribunal was to decide all other claims which had arisen out of the Civil War.

Still another arbitration commission was to assess the amount which the United States was to pay by way of compensation for certain privileges connected with the fisheries.

The vexed question of the possession of the San Juan Islands was to be left to the decision of the Emperor of Germany.

A series of articles provided for the amicable settlement of border questions between the United States and Canada.

Never before in history had such important controversies been submitted voluntarily to arbitration and judicial settlement.
The tribunal which met at Geneva in December was a body of distinguished men who proved fully equal to the gravity of their task.