(1874-76).

An English work, notably fair to the American marine, and considered authoritative.
Douglas Owen, "Ocean Trade and Shipping" (1914).

An English economist explains the machinery of maritime trade and commerce.
William Wood, "All Afloat." In "The Chronicles of Canada Series." Glasgow, Brook and Co., Toronto, 1914.
J.B.McMaster, "The Life and Times of Stephen Girard, Mariner and Merchant," 2 vols.

(1918).
The relation of governmental policy to the merchant marine is discussed by various writers: David A.Wells, "Our Merchant Marine: How It Rose, Increased, Became Great, Declined, and Decayed" (1882).

A political treatise in defense of a protective policy.
William A.Bates, "American Marine: The Shipping Question in History and Politics" (1892); "American Navigation: The Political History of Its Rise and Ruin" (1902).