"Miners" in Minnesota have none of the conventional aspects of their trade.

They operate precisely as did those who dug the Panama Canal.

The railroad cars run closely to the gigantic red pit.

A huge steam shovel opens its jaws, descends into an open amphitheater, licks up five tons at each mouthful, and, swinging sideways over the open cars, neatly deposits its booty.

It is not surprising that ore can be produced at lower cost in the United States than even in those countries where the most wretched wages are paid.