The very phraseology of range work bears proof of this.

Scores of Spanish words are written indelibly in the language of the Plains.

The frontier of the cow-range never was Saxon alone.
It is a curious fact also, seldom if ever noted, that this Old West of the Plains was very largely Southern and not Northern on its Saxon side.

No States so much as Kentucky and Tennessee and, later, Missouri--daughters of Old Virginia in her glory--contributed to the forces of the frontiersmen.

Texas, farther to the south, put her stamp indelibly upon the entire cattle industry of the West.